Kidney stones are formed in the pelvis or renal pelvis, which in that part of the kidney-shaped funnel that collects urine produced continuously, urine which is then transported through two small tubes (ureters), bladder, to be finally eliminated. In some cases the calculation is the rarest form directly into the bladder.
To indicate kidney stones (very common disease and rising, especially in industrialized countries) are also used the terms of kidney stones or kidney stones and the most generic of urinary stones.
Cause
Urine is composed mainly of water that contains dissolved minerals and other organic substances, the concentration of which in some cases increases to result in precipitation resulting in stone formation. It is not so important the absolute amount of salts and other substances, just as their concentration, which can dangerously increase even when reducing the water they are dissolved, as, for example, if fluid intake is not adequate to maintain a good urine output.
Very often, you still cannot identify with certainty the causes of the formation of kidney stones, which is certainly facilitated by inflammation of the urinary tract, from the stagnation of urine for any reason, and more or less serious disorders of metabolism. We know, however, some diseases and conditions that are characterized because of the formation of stones in the renal pelvis, for example:
hyperparathyroidism, which is the excessive production of parathyroid hormone, a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, small endocrine glands in the neck, which regulates calcium metabolism;
gout, a disorder of uric acid metabolism frequently in people whose diet is particularly rich in animal protein.
Symptoms
Once formed in the pelvis, the calculation cannot give any symptoms, or at most a slight heaviness in the lumbar region. In some cases there are traces of blood in your urine or recurring urinary tract infections that are suggestive of a calculation, but it is not uncommon for a person to find out if you have one with an X-ray or an ultrasound study suggested for other organs or diseases.
When the stones grow and turn into the ureter, it can obstruct the flow of urine, which accumulates upstream of the obstruction with the subsequent onset of a painful renal colic, the main symptom of urinary stones. Who has suffered not forget for a lifetime! The painful crisis takes 5-15 minutes but, just when it seems to shrink, the pain immediately reappears with the same intensity: it is shaken in a vain attempt to find the least painful position, finally forced to seek immediate medical attention.
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