Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Natural remedies for treating kidney stones
The occurrence of kidney stones is a common problem for many people worldwide. Many people do not even know they have until they become large enough to cause kidney damage and severe pain. One of the worst pain is kidney stones, or so it describe all people who have felt at least once in your life. Many people compare the pain with kidney pains, but in women with kidney problems is much lighter than males. Most stones are so small that they pass through the kidneys and are expelled from the body through the bladder, but others are getting bigger grown to such an extent that can cause kidney damage and severe pain.
There are some natural remedies to treat kidney stones, you can try but before you do anything go to the doctor to determine the extent to which these stones are grown. The main ingredient of the stones is calcium, which accumulates in the kidneys with time. This depends on the foods you eat but also by the kidneys themselves. If your kidneys have the potential to form stones, it is not yet invented a medicine that can prevent this. The only thing you can do is to take a natural beverages and foods that are proven to grace your action on the kidneys and can relieve pain, even to help you skip stones painlessly if they have not reached dimensions which need to be more complicated treatment by surgery or other medical treatment.
Saturday, August 20, 2011
Kidney stones
The calculations may vary by size is not visible to those of a pebble - It 's very important to prevent their formation - There are three types of kidney stones in about 80% is composed of calcium oxalate. Faced with suspected kidney stones is necessary to resort to the care and advice of your physician - An acute crisis highlights the risk of a urinary tract infection - Grinding with ultrasound (lithotripsy) and surgical removal are the elective therapy for resolution of the disease.
Symptoms: pain localized to the lumbar region, the abdomen or groin - urge to urinate frequently - presence of blood and urine sediment - nausea and vomiting - fever, chills, if you establish a urinary tract infection -
Primary causes: unhealthy diet and balanced - dehydration - the urine pH imbalance - obesity - physical inactivity - a lack of magnesium and potassium - insufficient absorption of calcium or expel sufficient quantities of oxalic acid - chronic diseases that increase the risk of stone formation: Cushing's syndrome, tumors, etc..
Investigation: urine test - specific radiological examinations - ultrasound - blood test - tests for environmental and food intolerances -
POWER
Often there is dehydration, so you should drink at least 2 liters of pure water a day - after the disappearance of the acute phase of drinking a glass of water every 2 hours - all'70% recommended a vegetarian diet based on fresh vegetables and whole grains beans, nuts and seeds, as well as fish for protein - often high-quality white meat - and the daily consumption of oat bran reduces the risk of stone formation - the lemon juice in hot water promotes acidification Urine - vitamin A in foods such as vegetables and fruits yellow, orange and green - 50 gr. pumpkin seeds a day reduces the risk factors - celery, parsley and garlic purify the urinary tract -
AVOID
all foods high in oxalic acid: spinach, rhubarb, tomatoes, cabbage, eggplant, zucchini, sweet potatoes, peanuts, almonds, blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, grapes, American, parsley, and cocoa-avoid grapefruit juice - avoid meat red and minimize their products - not to exceed with sugars - soft drinks that contain phosphoric acid - caffeine and alcohol - reduce drastically the amount of salt.
Symptoms: pain localized to the lumbar region, the abdomen or groin - urge to urinate frequently - presence of blood and urine sediment - nausea and vomiting - fever, chills, if you establish a urinary tract infection -
Primary causes: unhealthy diet and balanced - dehydration - the urine pH imbalance - obesity - physical inactivity - a lack of magnesium and potassium - insufficient absorption of calcium or expel sufficient quantities of oxalic acid - chronic diseases that increase the risk of stone formation: Cushing's syndrome, tumors, etc..
Investigation: urine test - specific radiological examinations - ultrasound - blood test - tests for environmental and food intolerances -
POWER
Often there is dehydration, so you should drink at least 2 liters of pure water a day - after the disappearance of the acute phase of drinking a glass of water every 2 hours - all'70% recommended a vegetarian diet based on fresh vegetables and whole grains beans, nuts and seeds, as well as fish for protein - often high-quality white meat - and the daily consumption of oat bran reduces the risk of stone formation - the lemon juice in hot water promotes acidification Urine - vitamin A in foods such as vegetables and fruits yellow, orange and green - 50 gr. pumpkin seeds a day reduces the risk factors - celery, parsley and garlic purify the urinary tract -
AVOID
all foods high in oxalic acid: spinach, rhubarb, tomatoes, cabbage, eggplant, zucchini, sweet potatoes, peanuts, almonds, blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, grapes, American, parsley, and cocoa-avoid grapefruit juice - avoid meat red and minimize their products - not to exceed with sugars - soft drinks that contain phosphoric acid - caffeine and alcohol - reduce drastically the amount of salt.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
What to eat for kidney stone
In the prevention and treatment of renal stones Food plays an important role.
Food and diet contribute to increasing the level of calcium, phosphorus and oxalic acid that the body is run.
In particular, when the body is already in the case of kidney stones is to pay particular attention to diet and know what foods are not aggravate our condition and what are the foods that could facilitate the increase in size of the calculations and present the occurrence of renal colic.
Here's a quick outline of the food given and prohibited in the case of kidney stones:
Here's a quick outline of the food given and prohibited in the case of kidney stones:
Food and diet contribute to increasing the level of calcium, phosphorus and oxalic acid that the body is run.
In particular, when the body is already in the case of kidney stones is to pay particular attention to diet and know what foods are not aggravate our condition and what are the foods that could facilitate the increase in size of the calculations and present the occurrence of renal colic.
Here's a quick outline of the food given and prohibited in the case of kidney stones:
Here's a quick outline of the food given and prohibited in the case of kidney stones:
Food
Food contraindicated
Milk: 100 ml per day
Ricotta: Limited (gr 100 2 times a week)
Cheese Eggs: Limited (5 days, the album is
allowed in unlimited quantities)
Meat, fish and poultry:
Limited (120 grams per day), ham
cooked and raw limit
Brain and offal, game, sardines,
caviar
Vegetables:
All except the herbs contraindicated (chard), chard, turnips, spinach,
turnip greens, peas, lentils, beans,
chickpeas
Fruit: fresh fruit all Permitted
Nuts, almonds, figs,
citrus
Grains: Bread, pasta and rice allowed because
unlimited
Whole meal bread, rye, prepared
containing wheat germ, soy flour
Candy Jams, jellies, cakes poorly
leavened, biscuits and pastries, but without exceeding
the amount of eggs and chocolate milk beverages permitted:
All, except contraindicate Soft drinks, beer, cocoa
Milk: 100 ml per day
Ricotta: Limited (gr 100 2 times a week)
Cheese Eggs: Limited (5 days, the album is
allowed in unlimited quantities)
Meat, fish and poultry:
Limited (120 grams per day), ham
cooked and raw limit
Brain and offal, game, sardines,
caviar
Vegetables:
All except the herbs contraindicated (chard), chard, turnips, spinach,
turnip greens, peas, lentils, beans,
chickpeas
Fruit: fresh fruit all Permitted
Nuts, almonds, figs,
citrus
Grains: Bread, pasta and rice allowed because
unlimited
Whole meal bread, rye, prepared
containing wheat germ, soy flour
Candy Jams, jellies, cakes poorly
leavened, biscuits and pastries, but without exceeding
the amount of eggs and chocolate milk beverages permitted:
All, except contraindicate Soft drinks, beer, cocoa
Friday, August 5, 2011
A museum of kidney stones
Sufferers cannot wait to get rid of as soon as possible and above all for ever but some kidney stones that give us so much pain when the captain decided to keep the lot and even expose them. The museum is unusual in Grasses who runs medical laboratory in Mallorca and has collected over twenty years of about 7000specimens of kidney stones.
The aim behind this project was to create a typology of the calculations in order to encourage the study, but the small collection of scientific interest has been growing exponentially and it may cause some impression in those usually associated with amuseum antiquities and art remains a points of reference in the medical officer who is dealing. Certainly it would be very strange to visit and perhaps under glassrecognize the old friend that has plagued our nights of pain.
The aim behind this project was to create a typology of the calculations in order to encourage the study, but the small collection of scientific interest has been growing exponentially and it may cause some impression in those usually associated with amuseum antiquities and art remains a points of reference in the medical officer who is dealing. Certainly it would be very strange to visit and perhaps under glassrecognize the old friend that has plagued our nights of pain.
Monday, August 1, 2011
The kidneys are major regulators of the human body chemicals.
Keep in exact proportion to the blood and maintain water balance in minerals: a slight excess of potassium for example could stop the heart, regulate the balance between acids and alkalis, dispersing the excess urea that would cause serious harm if health.
During the period of 24 hours the kidneys cleanse the dross about a ton and a half of blood, or the filtering to 300 times.
They have a capacity about two times higher than it takes to keep the body healthy. In fact, if it be necessary for the removal of a kidney patient, that was an easy task to work twice.
The kidneys are organs of the red-brown, big as a fist, they weigh about a pound each, but enclosing the most complicated system of pipes of the human body.
Each one of them on the sides of the spine contains a million functional elements: the nephrons.
To the naked eye a single nephron и not bigger than a grain of sand, but under a microscope looks like a worm from the large head and body like a tangled tail.
The head of the glomerulus и Malpighi, tail и the tubule. In the head a dense tangle of capillaries that continuously filters the blood, sweat leaving the watery part of the sheath in the same glomerulus but retaining nearly all the blood cells and almost all proteins. Over 98% of the liquid that collects in the sheath и reabsorbed by the tubules, which have a development of about a hundred miles. With a refined process of selection, the tubules return to the blood amino acids, glucose and minerals necessary for health, discarding the dross and excess water.
The ejected droplets are collected in a common tank, connected to the bladder via the ureter. A contraction of the muscles, which occurs with a frequency of 10 to 30 seconds and that spreads like a wave, pushing the liquid into the bladder.
The severity of renal disease varies with the nature and cause of evil and the second zone of the affected kidney.
The kidney infection caused by the invasion of и that certain bacteria and is manifested by fever, back pain and other symptoms. If diagnosed and treated immediately may also not interfere with renal function.
One of the more known kidney disease и acute diffuse glomerulonephritis or Bright's disease.
In reality is usually indicated by this name any inflammation of the kidney.
Various causes can cause inflammation of this sensitive organ: poisons, injury, toxins released by bacteria in other parts of the organism.
The nephrons inflamed, losing their ability selectively allow the passage of the vital blood proteins and cells and can be discovered in the urine.
Or too much water can absorb and retain minerals in excess, causing swollen arms, legs, eyelids.
Acute glomerulonephritis, not well cared for, can turn into a chronic, symptom-less obvious but more serious consequences, because, over time, may inevitably undermine the ability of the kidneys filtering system to perform their function.
It thus establishes a state of renal failure, where the dreaded и terminal uremia, i.e. a severe poisoning of the body.
Acute renal failure is a rapid loss of renal functionality resulting increase in blood urea nitrogen, other metabolites excreted by the kidneys, water retention and electrolyte abnormalities.
Chronic renal failure there is slow and progressive deterioration of renal function, regardless of the causal neuropathology.
If the kidneys no longer excrete urine accumulate in the slag.
In addition to severe renal insufficiency this can be caused by circulatory problems, which leads to kidney an insufficient quantity of blood.
Severe burns or wounds followed by shock can cause the kidneys.
During the period of 24 hours the kidneys cleanse the dross about a ton and a half of blood, or the filtering to 300 times.
They have a capacity about two times higher than it takes to keep the body healthy. In fact, if it be necessary for the removal of a kidney patient, that was an easy task to work twice.
The kidneys are organs of the red-brown, big as a fist, they weigh about a pound each, but enclosing the most complicated system of pipes of the human body.
Each one of them on the sides of the spine contains a million functional elements: the nephrons.
To the naked eye a single nephron и not bigger than a grain of sand, but under a microscope looks like a worm from the large head and body like a tangled tail.
The head of the glomerulus и Malpighi, tail и the tubule. In the head a dense tangle of capillaries that continuously filters the blood, sweat leaving the watery part of the sheath in the same glomerulus but retaining nearly all the blood cells and almost all proteins. Over 98% of the liquid that collects in the sheath и reabsorbed by the tubules, which have a development of about a hundred miles. With a refined process of selection, the tubules return to the blood amino acids, glucose and minerals necessary for health, discarding the dross and excess water.
The ejected droplets are collected in a common tank, connected to the bladder via the ureter. A contraction of the muscles, which occurs with a frequency of 10 to 30 seconds and that spreads like a wave, pushing the liquid into the bladder.
The severity of renal disease varies with the nature and cause of evil and the second zone of the affected kidney.
The kidney infection caused by the invasion of и that certain bacteria and is manifested by fever, back pain and other symptoms. If diagnosed and treated immediately may also not interfere with renal function.
One of the more known kidney disease и acute diffuse glomerulonephritis or Bright's disease.
In reality is usually indicated by this name any inflammation of the kidney.
Various causes can cause inflammation of this sensitive organ: poisons, injury, toxins released by bacteria in other parts of the organism.
The nephrons inflamed, losing their ability selectively allow the passage of the vital blood proteins and cells and can be discovered in the urine.
Or too much water can absorb and retain minerals in excess, causing swollen arms, legs, eyelids.
Acute glomerulonephritis, not well cared for, can turn into a chronic, symptom-less obvious but more serious consequences, because, over time, may inevitably undermine the ability of the kidneys filtering system to perform their function.
It thus establishes a state of renal failure, where the dreaded и terminal uremia, i.e. a severe poisoning of the body.
Acute renal failure is a rapid loss of renal functionality resulting increase in blood urea nitrogen, other metabolites excreted by the kidneys, water retention and electrolyte abnormalities.
Chronic renal failure there is slow and progressive deterioration of renal function, regardless of the causal neuropathology.
If the kidneys no longer excrete urine accumulate in the slag.
In addition to severe renal insufficiency this can be caused by circulatory problems, which leads to kidney an insufficient quantity of blood.
Severe burns or wounds followed by shock can cause the kidneys.
Friday, July 29, 2011
Disolve Kidney Stones
Calculations are aggregates of minerals which are formed mainly in organic cavities or glandular ducts do not cause any symptoms until they are moved from their place of training or take on such dimensions as to obstruct the physiological functions or compress surrounding tissue.
The calculations located in the urinary tract, including kidneys, bladder and urinary ducts, are known as kidney stones. Depending on the size and position of the same, you can have several symptoms (such as: Sudden extreme pain that can radiate from the spine to the abdomen, genitals and inner thighs, abdominal swelling, vomiting and nausea, chills and fever, blood in urine) or none (condition "silent").
The calculations are formed by the precipitation of a series of solutions of mineral salts in the urine. Those with high levels of calcium may be due to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone in the body. The most common causes are to be found: in the abuse of alcohol, coffee, carbonated beverages, a diet rich in protein or too many refined carbohydrates; to insufficient water and magnesium. Calculations can also have a genetic influence: If a parent it is subject, the probability increases that might be his son. The calculations have the character to be able to resubmit in time: about 60 percent of those who are affected, the within the next seven years (studies have shown that often carbonated beverages containing phosphoric acid favor the recurrence of this situation) . The summer season is certainly the most at risk, in fact, with increased sweating, increases the possibility of being in a state of mild chronic dehydration, which is the primary cause of the concentration of urine, which in turn leads to the calculations .
In case of kidney stones should, of course, seek medical attention. In any case it will be useful:
-Increase the consumption of liquids (see mineral waters);
-Reduce the consumption of sugar, coffee, dairy products, chocolate, pepper and proteins in general;
Use a moderate-integration of: magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin A, vitamin C and lysine;
Take-alkalizing fruit (see list of alkalizing foods in nutrition recovery).
The most effective natural products to prevent and combat the calculations are: birch, dandelion, pineapple.
The calculations located in the urinary tract, including kidneys, bladder and urinary ducts, are known as kidney stones. Depending on the size and position of the same, you can have several symptoms (such as: Sudden extreme pain that can radiate from the spine to the abdomen, genitals and inner thighs, abdominal swelling, vomiting and nausea, chills and fever, blood in urine) or none (condition "silent").
The calculations are formed by the precipitation of a series of solutions of mineral salts in the urine. Those with high levels of calcium may be due to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone in the body. The most common causes are to be found: in the abuse of alcohol, coffee, carbonated beverages, a diet rich in protein or too many refined carbohydrates; to insufficient water and magnesium. Calculations can also have a genetic influence: If a parent it is subject, the probability increases that might be his son. The calculations have the character to be able to resubmit in time: about 60 percent of those who are affected, the within the next seven years (studies have shown that often carbonated beverages containing phosphoric acid favor the recurrence of this situation) . The summer season is certainly the most at risk, in fact, with increased sweating, increases the possibility of being in a state of mild chronic dehydration, which is the primary cause of the concentration of urine, which in turn leads to the calculations .
In case of kidney stones should, of course, seek medical attention. In any case it will be useful:
-Increase the consumption of liquids (see mineral waters);
-Reduce the consumption of sugar, coffee, dairy products, chocolate, pepper and proteins in general;
Use a moderate-integration of: magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin A, vitamin C and lysine;
Take-alkalizing fruit (see list of alkalizing foods in nutrition recovery).
The most effective natural products to prevent and combat the calculations are: birch, dandelion, pineapple.
Monday, July 25, 2011
Kidney Stone Causes
A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. One or more stones in the kidney or urethra can be at the same time.
CAUSES: Kidney stones can form when the urine contains excessive amounts of certain substances. These substances can create small crystals that become stones. The major risk factor for kidney stones is dehydration. The calculations cannot produce symptoms until they begin to move down the urethra. When this happens, can block the flow of urine in the kidneys. This causes swelling of the kidneys (or even just one), causing pain, usually severe. Kidney stones are common. A person who has had kidney stones, often sees them return several times in life. They often occur in premature babies. Some types tend to be hereditary, others may occur with bowel disease, an ideal bypass for obesity, or renal tubule defects. There are several types of kidney stones. The exact cause depends on:
Calcium stones are the most common. They occur more often in men, and usually appear between 20 and 30 years. They are likely to return even if treated. Calcium can combine with other substances such as oxalate (the most common substance), phosphate, or carbonate form. Oxalate is present in some foods. Diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation;
Kidney stones may form in people who have. This disorder is hereditary and affects both men and women;
Kidney stones for the most part appear in women who have a urinary tract infection. These can grow a lot to lock the kidney, urethra or bladder;
Calculations of uric acid are more common in men and can occur with gout or chemotherapy.
Other substances may be other minor calculations.
SYMPTOMS: The main symptom is severe pain that begins suddenly and may go away as suddenly:
The pain may be felt in the abdomen or on one side of the back;
The pain may travel into the groin area or testicles.
Other symptoms may include:
Abnormal color of urine;
Blood in urine;
Chills;
Fever;
Nausea;
Vomiting.
DIAGNOSIS: The pain may be severe enough to need painkillers. The area of the belly (abdomen) or the kidneys may feel to the touch. Testing for kidney stones include:
Analysis of the calculation to show what kind it is;
Uric acid level;
Urinalysis to see crystals and red blood cells in urine.
Calculations or block the urethra can be viewed with:
Abdominal computed tomography;
Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal and kidney.
CAUSES: Kidney stones can form when the urine contains excessive amounts of certain substances. These substances can create small crystals that become stones. The major risk factor for kidney stones is dehydration. The calculations cannot produce symptoms until they begin to move down the urethra. When this happens, can block the flow of urine in the kidneys. This causes swelling of the kidneys (or even just one), causing pain, usually severe. Kidney stones are common. A person who has had kidney stones, often sees them return several times in life. They often occur in premature babies. Some types tend to be hereditary, others may occur with bowel disease, an ideal bypass for obesity, or renal tubule defects. There are several types of kidney stones. The exact cause depends on:
Calcium stones are the most common. They occur more often in men, and usually appear between 20 and 30 years. They are likely to return even if treated. Calcium can combine with other substances such as oxalate (the most common substance), phosphate, or carbonate form. Oxalate is present in some foods. Diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation;
Kidney stones may form in people who have. This disorder is hereditary and affects both men and women;
Kidney stones for the most part appear in women who have a urinary tract infection. These can grow a lot to lock the kidney, urethra or bladder;
Calculations of uric acid are more common in men and can occur with gout or chemotherapy.
Other substances may be other minor calculations.
SYMPTOMS: The main symptom is severe pain that begins suddenly and may go away as suddenly:
The pain may be felt in the abdomen or on one side of the back;
The pain may travel into the groin area or testicles.
Other symptoms may include:
Abnormal color of urine;
Blood in urine;
Chills;
Fever;
Nausea;
Vomiting.
DIAGNOSIS: The pain may be severe enough to need painkillers. The area of the belly (abdomen) or the kidneys may feel to the touch. Testing for kidney stones include:
Analysis of the calculation to show what kind it is;
Uric acid level;
Urinalysis to see crystals and red blood cells in urine.
Calculations or block the urethra can be viewed with:
Abdominal computed tomography;
Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal and kidney.
Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Kidney stones Effective Solution
Kidney stones are formed in the pelvis or renal pelvis, which in that part of the kidney-shaped funnel that collects urine produced continuously, urine which is then transported through two small tubes (ureters), bladder, to be finally eliminated. In some cases the calculation is the rarest form directly into the bladder.
To indicate kidney stones (very common disease and rising, especially in industrialized countries) are also used the terms of kidney stones or kidney stones and the most generic of urinary stones.
Cause
Urine is composed mainly of water that contains dissolved minerals and other organic substances, the concentration of which in some cases increases to result in precipitation resulting in stone formation. It is not so important the absolute amount of salts and other substances, just as their concentration, which can dangerously increase even when reducing the water they are dissolved, as, for example, if fluid intake is not adequate to maintain a good urine output.
Very often, you still cannot identify with certainty the causes of the formation of kidney stones, which is certainly facilitated by inflammation of the urinary tract, from the stagnation of urine for any reason, and more or less serious disorders of metabolism. We know, however, some diseases and conditions that are characterized because of the formation of stones in the renal pelvis, for example:
hyperparathyroidism, which is the excessive production of parathyroid hormone, a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, small endocrine glands in the neck, which regulates calcium metabolism;
gout, a disorder of uric acid metabolism frequently in people whose diet is particularly rich in animal protein.
Symptoms
Once formed in the pelvis, the calculation cannot give any symptoms, or at most a slight heaviness in the lumbar region. In some cases there are traces of blood in your urine or recurring urinary tract infections that are suggestive of a calculation, but it is not uncommon for a person to find out if you have one with an X-ray or an ultrasound study suggested for other organs or diseases.
When the stones grow and turn into the ureter, it can obstruct the flow of urine, which accumulates upstream of the obstruction with the subsequent onset of a painful renal colic, the main symptom of urinary stones. Who has suffered not forget for a lifetime! The painful crisis takes 5-15 minutes but, just when it seems to shrink, the pain immediately reappears with the same intensity: it is shaken in a vain attempt to find the least painful position, finally forced to seek immediate medical attention.
To indicate kidney stones (very common disease and rising, especially in industrialized countries) are also used the terms of kidney stones or kidney stones and the most generic of urinary stones.
Cause
Urine is composed mainly of water that contains dissolved minerals and other organic substances, the concentration of which in some cases increases to result in precipitation resulting in stone formation. It is not so important the absolute amount of salts and other substances, just as their concentration, which can dangerously increase even when reducing the water they are dissolved, as, for example, if fluid intake is not adequate to maintain a good urine output.
Very often, you still cannot identify with certainty the causes of the formation of kidney stones, which is certainly facilitated by inflammation of the urinary tract, from the stagnation of urine for any reason, and more or less serious disorders of metabolism. We know, however, some diseases and conditions that are characterized because of the formation of stones in the renal pelvis, for example:
hyperparathyroidism, which is the excessive production of parathyroid hormone, a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, small endocrine glands in the neck, which regulates calcium metabolism;
gout, a disorder of uric acid metabolism frequently in people whose diet is particularly rich in animal protein.
Symptoms
Once formed in the pelvis, the calculation cannot give any symptoms, or at most a slight heaviness in the lumbar region. In some cases there are traces of blood in your urine or recurring urinary tract infections that are suggestive of a calculation, but it is not uncommon for a person to find out if you have one with an X-ray or an ultrasound study suggested for other organs or diseases.
When the stones grow and turn into the ureter, it can obstruct the flow of urine, which accumulates upstream of the obstruction with the subsequent onset of a painful renal colic, the main symptom of urinary stones. Who has suffered not forget for a lifetime! The painful crisis takes 5-15 minutes but, just when it seems to shrink, the pain immediately reappears with the same intensity: it is shaken in a vain attempt to find the least painful position, finally forced to seek immediate medical attention.
Monday, July 11, 2011
Kidney Stones Treatments
Kidney stones (kidney stones), affecting about 5% of the population each year (1.2 million cases) and are about 1% of the causes of hospitalization, affecting primarily the extent of the male population is affected approximately twice the female. The most common age is between 30 and 50 years. It is a disease that tends to recur (a 45% chance of recurrence in six years) and for this reason, after the first colon, the prevention of new events.
Calculations: What Are - The calculations are small masses formed by crystals of calcium salts, magnesium or ammonium or uric acid, they are generated for a non-elimination of minerals, in no pathological conditions, takes place in the urine. Are formed in the kidneys, but can also move in the urinary tract or bladder. In 40% of cases are bilateral. The chemical analysis of the calculation is essential to understand its genesis:
65-75%: Football
10-15% non-calcareous phosphates
5.10% uric acid
3.1% cysteine
The urine test can detect (urinary calcium excretion greater than 200 mg in a 24-hour urine collection or better, 4 mg / kg per 24 hours), (which involves a low pH of urine) or (urinary oxalate excretion exceeding 45 mg per 24 hours). The instead a true hereditary disease.
Only the calculations consist of uric acid can be dissolved with drugs.
Facilitating factors - are not yet clear what causes the disease because there are no certainties, but only factors that appear to increase the probability of the occurrence of the calculation. It seems that the method can form a stable situation for a long time for sudden changes in diet (check salt supplements and food supplements in general) or lifestyle. Among the factors cited:
a family history.
Poor fluid intake in the diet, although in the elderly (who generally tend not to drink a lot) the occurrence is reduced.
The habit of sweating a lot because a lot of fluids through the expulsion of the sweat does not allow a dilution of the renal filtrate.
The diet in industrialized countries have a prevalence of calcium oxalate, due in part to the consumption of certain foods (nuts, beets, spinach, rhubarb, chocolate, etc..) Because only a small part of urinary oxalate is derived directly from the power.
Frequent urinary tract infections.
Predisposing diseases (hyperthyroidism, consequences of bone fractures, etc...)
Symptoms - When the size of these calculations are ways to block the kidney or ureter have renal colic, episodes of severe pain in the side that may extend to the abdomen, sometimes accompanied by other secondary symptoms such as difficulty to urinate, fever and vomiting.
Diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones
In addition to the presence of blood in the urine (not always visible to the naked eye) can be used with the following diagnostic techniques:
ultrasound, can identify possible expansion of the kidney and urinary tract or the very presence of kidney stones in the cavities.
The x-ray, which is not effective in the case of uric acid or kidney stones (transparent to X-rays) and the proximity of the calculations with the skeletal system.
Orography (or metallography), more sophisticated test that uses a dye to locate the precise location and nature of the calculation.
The spiral CT scan, surely the most definitive test, which is necessary when the previous diagnostic techniques give rise to doubts.
To reduce the severe pain are administered intravenously antispasmodics, pain and inflammation, waiting for the spontaneous expulsion of the calculation must move into the bladder. Because the urethra is larger than the ureter, usually the problem of calculating a block in the urethra after his expulsion does not occur.
Typically, in the case of kidney stones in small sizes (up to 5-7 mm) the spontaneous expulsion can take place between 2 and 15 days.
As hydration therapy is often used to blow water: you drink a liter of water in 15 minutes so that the drive will facilitate the expulsion of the calculation.
Calculations: What Are - The calculations are small masses formed by crystals of calcium salts, magnesium or ammonium or uric acid, they are generated for a non-elimination of minerals, in no pathological conditions, takes place in the urine. Are formed in the kidneys, but can also move in the urinary tract or bladder. In 40% of cases are bilateral. The chemical analysis of the calculation is essential to understand its genesis:
65-75%: Football
10-15% non-calcareous phosphates
5.10% uric acid
3.1% cysteine
The urine test can detect (urinary calcium excretion greater than 200 mg in a 24-hour urine collection or better, 4 mg / kg per 24 hours), (which involves a low pH of urine) or (urinary oxalate excretion exceeding 45 mg per 24 hours). The instead a true hereditary disease.
Only the calculations consist of uric acid can be dissolved with drugs.
Facilitating factors - are not yet clear what causes the disease because there are no certainties, but only factors that appear to increase the probability of the occurrence of the calculation. It seems that the method can form a stable situation for a long time for sudden changes in diet (check salt supplements and food supplements in general) or lifestyle. Among the factors cited:
a family history.
Poor fluid intake in the diet, although in the elderly (who generally tend not to drink a lot) the occurrence is reduced.
The habit of sweating a lot because a lot of fluids through the expulsion of the sweat does not allow a dilution of the renal filtrate.
The diet in industrialized countries have a prevalence of calcium oxalate, due in part to the consumption of certain foods (nuts, beets, spinach, rhubarb, chocolate, etc..) Because only a small part of urinary oxalate is derived directly from the power.
Frequent urinary tract infections.
Predisposing diseases (hyperthyroidism, consequences of bone fractures, etc...)
Symptoms - When the size of these calculations are ways to block the kidney or ureter have renal colic, episodes of severe pain in the side that may extend to the abdomen, sometimes accompanied by other secondary symptoms such as difficulty to urinate, fever and vomiting.
Diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones
In addition to the presence of blood in the urine (not always visible to the naked eye) can be used with the following diagnostic techniques:
ultrasound, can identify possible expansion of the kidney and urinary tract or the very presence of kidney stones in the cavities.
The x-ray, which is not effective in the case of uric acid or kidney stones (transparent to X-rays) and the proximity of the calculations with the skeletal system.
Orography (or metallography), more sophisticated test that uses a dye to locate the precise location and nature of the calculation.
The spiral CT scan, surely the most definitive test, which is necessary when the previous diagnostic techniques give rise to doubts.
To reduce the severe pain are administered intravenously antispasmodics, pain and inflammation, waiting for the spontaneous expulsion of the calculation must move into the bladder. Because the urethra is larger than the ureter, usually the problem of calculating a block in the urethra after his expulsion does not occur.
Typically, in the case of kidney stones in small sizes (up to 5-7 mm) the spontaneous expulsion can take place between 2 and 15 days.
As hydration therapy is often used to blow water: you drink a liter of water in 15 minutes so that the drive will facilitate the expulsion of the calculation.
Saturday, July 2, 2011
Kidney stones solution to the problem
Kidney stones can be defined as small stones that form inside the urinary tract urinary tract (kidneys and bladder).
They are made of crystals of salts and organic material, normally present in urine, which are joined together. The crystals are normally eliminated in the urine, but when it does not, gradually increase in volume.
The subject of kidney stones mainly affects middle-aged and male. There are also cases of in children.
The disease is highlighted by one or more episodes of renal colic, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, burning urination or the need for frequent urination, blockage of urine output, dark-colored urine.
The different chemical composition is an element of distinction for different types of calculation. They differ, so the radio-opaque stones with a majority composition of calcium and radio-transparent calculations made by uric acid or sodium.
The location, volume, shape and chemical composition of the calculation associated with the presence or absence of infection are necessary elements to consider for a proper evaluation of the clinical picture. The diagnosis relies on the urinary tract ultrasonography and radiography of the abdomen without contrast. The T.C. spiral and / or IVU is essential to the planning of complex therapies, while the ascending is used in selected cases.
For the treatment of kidney stones include the following possibilities:
- Spontaneous expulsion: In a kidney stone about 80% of computers located in the ureter are deported without any further action. This possibility, however, is open only to the calculations of smaller than 5 mm, asymptomatic, with no obstruction of the outflow of urine and without infection. Are needed, however, regular checks of up to expulsion took place, to avoid leaving an undiagnosed growth of kidney damage calculation or asymptomatic chronic urinary stasis.
Dissolution of the calculation, with drug therapy.
Drug therapy is feasible in the case of kidney stones composed of uric acid stones and bring them to a "dissolution" in 70% of cases, provided that the urine flow regularly around the calculation (in case of obstruction of the outflow must be secured by placing a small catheter through the ureter). For kidney stones (very rare) this therapy is only possible in limited cases.
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, it means crushing the stone, is the first-line therapy in kidney stones. 90% of cases of stones treated with lithotripsy. This therapy has largely replaced surgery of calculi in the open. With the shock wave, in this case we speak of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; the calculation is broken up to form fragments smaller than 2 mm. The resulting grit is normally eliminated through the urinary tract without problems. After 3 months of treatment by lithotripsy about 80% of patients are free from the calculations. The complications of this treatment are rare: blood urine, colic, renal hematoma and urinary tract obstruction. Provisions ancillary to lithotripsy, such as placement of catheters in the ureter or kidney, are needed in only 30% of cases. Serious complications are very rare. Lithotripsy is suitable for any location within the urinary tract and calculation is performed using powerful painkillers and sedatives or spinal anesthesia, depending on the type of calculation and the fragmentation of the machine and the pain threshold of each patient. Lithotripsy is contraindicated in the following cases: purulent kidney infection, coagulation disorders and pregnancy.
- The endoscopic lithotripsy is instead an endoscopic procedure that involves no incision, and which ensures a success by almost 100% in the treatment of ureteral stones. It 's the method of choice for all ureteral stones with a diameter greater than 1 cm and those smaller than if associated with urinary stasis, and the second choice for all cases in which previous treatment of d-wave lithotripsy extracorporeal' shock failed. Is introduced through the urethra with a probe endoscopic called, one reaches the ureteral outlet, which introduces a safety guide wire. It then goes along the ureter until it reaches the calculation. Then using the Holmium laser to shatter and the fragments obtained are extracted.
This surgery is performed under general anesthesia and requires a hospital stay, in uncomplicated cases, in the Day Hospital or at most one night. In about 70% of cases it is necessary to the placement of a ureteral stent to "double-J stent or, for about a week to allow the discharge of urine without the annoying occurrence of colic.
The complications resulting from endoscopic lithotripsy can occur in 5-10% of cases.
- In cases where the calculation has a size from 2 cm up, we resort to surgery: is a small hole in the lumbar region, through which you come up with an endoscope to the kidney and there with the calculation of the laser is broken and the fragments extracted by suction.
They are made of crystals of salts and organic material, normally present in urine, which are joined together. The crystals are normally eliminated in the urine, but when it does not, gradually increase in volume.
The subject of kidney stones mainly affects middle-aged and male. There are also cases of in children.
The disease is highlighted by one or more episodes of renal colic, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, burning urination or the need for frequent urination, blockage of urine output, dark-colored urine.
The different chemical composition is an element of distinction for different types of calculation. They differ, so the radio-opaque stones with a majority composition of calcium and radio-transparent calculations made by uric acid or sodium.
The location, volume, shape and chemical composition of the calculation associated with the presence or absence of infection are necessary elements to consider for a proper evaluation of the clinical picture. The diagnosis relies on the urinary tract ultrasonography and radiography of the abdomen without contrast. The T.C. spiral and / or IVU is essential to the planning of complex therapies, while the ascending is used in selected cases.
For the treatment of kidney stones include the following possibilities:
- Spontaneous expulsion: In a kidney stone about 80% of computers located in the ureter are deported without any further action. This possibility, however, is open only to the calculations of smaller than 5 mm, asymptomatic, with no obstruction of the outflow of urine and without infection. Are needed, however, regular checks of up to expulsion took place, to avoid leaving an undiagnosed growth of kidney damage calculation or asymptomatic chronic urinary stasis.
Dissolution of the calculation, with drug therapy.
Drug therapy is feasible in the case of kidney stones composed of uric acid stones and bring them to a "dissolution" in 70% of cases, provided that the urine flow regularly around the calculation (in case of obstruction of the outflow must be secured by placing a small catheter through the ureter). For kidney stones (very rare) this therapy is only possible in limited cases.
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, it means crushing the stone, is the first-line therapy in kidney stones. 90% of cases of stones treated with lithotripsy. This therapy has largely replaced surgery of calculi in the open. With the shock wave, in this case we speak of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; the calculation is broken up to form fragments smaller than 2 mm. The resulting grit is normally eliminated through the urinary tract without problems. After 3 months of treatment by lithotripsy about 80% of patients are free from the calculations. The complications of this treatment are rare: blood urine, colic, renal hematoma and urinary tract obstruction. Provisions ancillary to lithotripsy, such as placement of catheters in the ureter or kidney, are needed in only 30% of cases. Serious complications are very rare. Lithotripsy is suitable for any location within the urinary tract and calculation is performed using powerful painkillers and sedatives or spinal anesthesia, depending on the type of calculation and the fragmentation of the machine and the pain threshold of each patient. Lithotripsy is contraindicated in the following cases: purulent kidney infection, coagulation disorders and pregnancy.
- The endoscopic lithotripsy is instead an endoscopic procedure that involves no incision, and which ensures a success by almost 100% in the treatment of ureteral stones. It 's the method of choice for all ureteral stones with a diameter greater than 1 cm and those smaller than if associated with urinary stasis, and the second choice for all cases in which previous treatment of d-wave lithotripsy extracorporeal' shock failed. Is introduced through the urethra with a probe endoscopic called, one reaches the ureteral outlet, which introduces a safety guide wire. It then goes along the ureter until it reaches the calculation. Then using the Holmium laser to shatter and the fragments obtained are extracted.
This surgery is performed under general anesthesia and requires a hospital stay, in uncomplicated cases, in the Day Hospital or at most one night. In about 70% of cases it is necessary to the placement of a ureteral stent to "double-J stent or, for about a week to allow the discharge of urine without the annoying occurrence of colic.
The complications resulting from endoscopic lithotripsy can occur in 5-10% of cases.
- In cases where the calculation has a size from 2 cm up, we resort to surgery: is a small hole in the lumbar region, through which you come up with an endoscope to the kidney and there with the calculation of the laser is broken and the fragments extracted by suction.
Thursday, June 30, 2011
Kidney stones: TRAINING, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Renal colic и probably one of the most painful events that can happen.
It strikes without warning, causing pain that often is decrypted as worse than childbirth, a fracture of a gunshot wound, a burn or pain of surgery.
Renal colic affects approximately 1.2 million people every year, and about 1% of the causes of hospitalization. The calculations, which are the cause, are a problem that can occur at any level of the urinary tract, mainly formed in the kidney, with a frequency that reaches 12% for men, about twice that for women, and a peak incidence around 35 years.
Then the risk of recurrence, then close to 50% in a period of time ranging from 5 to 7 years. И renal colic usually resulting in the mobilization of a kidney stone and usually manifests itself with violent pain in the right or left lumbar region, radiating to the respective side and then to the genitals, often и also nausea and vomiting.
Kidney stones are distinguishable calculations calcareous (containing calcium), which are radio opaque, and non-calcareous.
The present calculations with greater frequency (60, 80%) are made of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, and are caused, hyperparathyroidism or too high synthesis of vitamin D3.
With a frequency of 10-15% are found then a striate and ammonium magnesium phosphate, caused by chronic and recurrent urinary infections, slightly less frequent calculations are formed by uric acid crystals (5-10%), while others Cases are much more rare, such as kidney stones (1%).
You have the formation of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) when the urinary concentration of a solute exceeds its ability to remain in solution. So the calculations are formed when и excess of an ion in the urine or when the physical and chemical conditions of urine (eg, PH) interferes with the solubility of the substance causing the precipitation and deposition calculations.
E 'known for a long time and a family predisposition to hereditary formation. Many of the inborn metabolic problems such as gout, are good examples of hereditary disease characterized by excessive production of substances that form stones.
urinary calcium excretion in amounts greater than 200mg in a 24-hour urine collection, or more than 4 mg / kg in 24 hours. the most common metabolic pathway in patients with calcium kidney stones and has various causes.
An excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine и because of a too high amounts of circulating calcium that is filtered in the kidney, but increased calcium excretion in the urine can be caused by a problem in the absorption level of the tubules kidney. Although hyperparathyroidism may be a risk factor for this type of calculations.
Uric acid и the end product of purine metabolism and и is derived from external sources (diet) that produced by normal cellular metabolism. Chronic metabolic acidosis can lead to increased excretion of uric acid salts and the formation of kidney stones, but usually the cause of kidney stones uric acid и a low pH of urine.
Kidney stone is condition for which you have urinary oxalate than 45mg/groin, and may be due to an increase in intestinal absorption of the ileum caused by diseases (such as Cohn’s disease), or other causes, including the disappearance from the intestine of form genes, a bacterium that Lisa oxalate produced or introduced into the diet, decibel such as spinach, chocolate, soy-based foods, and others.
Citrate excreted in the urine footprint soluble complex with calcium which inhibits the formation of crystals. A decreased excretion of citrate и source of risk for stone formation.
The a hereditary disease. For a metabolic defect occurs a lack of transport of four dibasic amino acids (arginine, lysine, ornithine), which causes a significant increase in urinary excretion of four amino acids. Precipitates thus formed crystals of seamless continuity. clinically characterized not only by a recurrent kidney stones, even with chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension.
Infections
Then there are the calculations made up of, a set of magnesium, ammonium and phosphorus. These calculations are produced by certain bacteria mainly of the Proteus, which produce an enzyme, urease, which breaks down urea (a constituent of urine) into ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction makes it very alkaline urine, favoring the precipitation of striate crystals.
This type of calculation и more common in females and, unlike other calculations, which are formed by an excessive concentration of insoluble salts, the calculations of striate are therefore the result of certain infections, which will be prevented or at least readily recognized and treated to block, from the outset, the risk of stone formation by continuous antibiotic therapy.
It strikes without warning, causing pain that often is decrypted as worse than childbirth, a fracture of a gunshot wound, a burn or pain of surgery.
Renal colic affects approximately 1.2 million people every year, and about 1% of the causes of hospitalization. The calculations, which are the cause, are a problem that can occur at any level of the urinary tract, mainly formed in the kidney, with a frequency that reaches 12% for men, about twice that for women, and a peak incidence around 35 years.
Then the risk of recurrence, then close to 50% in a period of time ranging from 5 to 7 years. И renal colic usually resulting in the mobilization of a kidney stone and usually manifests itself with violent pain in the right or left lumbar region, radiating to the respective side and then to the genitals, often и also nausea and vomiting.
Kidney stones are distinguishable calculations calcareous (containing calcium), which are radio opaque, and non-calcareous.
The present calculations with greater frequency (60, 80%) are made of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, and are caused, hyperparathyroidism or too high synthesis of vitamin D3.
With a frequency of 10-15% are found then a striate and ammonium magnesium phosphate, caused by chronic and recurrent urinary infections, slightly less frequent calculations are formed by uric acid crystals (5-10%), while others Cases are much more rare, such as kidney stones (1%).
You have the formation of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) when the urinary concentration of a solute exceeds its ability to remain in solution. So the calculations are formed when и excess of an ion in the urine or when the physical and chemical conditions of urine (eg, PH) interferes with the solubility of the substance causing the precipitation and deposition calculations.
E 'known for a long time and a family predisposition to hereditary formation. Many of the inborn metabolic problems such as gout, are good examples of hereditary disease characterized by excessive production of substances that form stones.
urinary calcium excretion in amounts greater than 200mg in a 24-hour urine collection, or more than 4 mg / kg in 24 hours. the most common metabolic pathway in patients with calcium kidney stones and has various causes.
An excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine и because of a too high amounts of circulating calcium that is filtered in the kidney, but increased calcium excretion in the urine can be caused by a problem in the absorption level of the tubules kidney. Although hyperparathyroidism may be a risk factor for this type of calculations.
Uric acid и the end product of purine metabolism and и is derived from external sources (diet) that produced by normal cellular metabolism. Chronic metabolic acidosis can lead to increased excretion of uric acid salts and the formation of kidney stones, but usually the cause of kidney stones uric acid и a low pH of urine.
Kidney stone is condition for which you have urinary oxalate than 45mg/groin, and may be due to an increase in intestinal absorption of the ileum caused by diseases (such as Cohn’s disease), or other causes, including the disappearance from the intestine of form genes, a bacterium that Lisa oxalate produced or introduced into the diet, decibel such as spinach, chocolate, soy-based foods, and others.
Citrate excreted in the urine footprint soluble complex with calcium which inhibits the formation of crystals. A decreased excretion of citrate и source of risk for stone formation.
The a hereditary disease. For a metabolic defect occurs a lack of transport of four dibasic amino acids (arginine, lysine, ornithine), which causes a significant increase in urinary excretion of four amino acids. Precipitates thus formed crystals of seamless continuity. clinically characterized not only by a recurrent kidney stones, even with chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension.
Infections
Then there are the calculations made up of, a set of magnesium, ammonium and phosphorus. These calculations are produced by certain bacteria mainly of the Proteus, which produce an enzyme, urease, which breaks down urea (a constituent of urine) into ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction makes it very alkaline urine, favoring the precipitation of striate crystals.
This type of calculation и more common in females and, unlike other calculations, which are formed by an excessive concentration of insoluble salts, the calculations of striate are therefore the result of certain infections, which will be prevented or at least readily recognized and treated to block, from the outset, the risk of stone formation by continuous antibiotic therapy.
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Kidney stones and renal colic
Kidney stones are a problem that together a lot of people (12% of men and 6% of women), of which only one party is suffering from renal colic, an incident involving 1.2 million people each year, and that represents about 1% of the causes of hospitalization.
The renal colic strikes without notice, and is described as one of the most painful events that can happen: some have called the pain that you feel even worse than that of a gunshot wound.
The causes of renal colic: Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are solid formations composed of different minerals, which are formed by precipitation within the kidney or along the streets kidney. Calculations are indistinguishable in calcareous (containing calcium) and calcium.
The most common kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. May be caused by, , hyperthyroidism or excessive synthesis of vitamin D3.
The chronic and recurrent urinary infections cause the calculations instead consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate. With the same frequency (5-10%) occur calculations formed by uric acid crystals. There are also rare kidney stones, which occur with a frequency of less than 1%.
The renal colic is usually the result of the mobilization of a kidney and almost always occurs with violent pain in the right or left lumbar region, radiating to the respective side and then to the genitals, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
The causes of renal colic: Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are formed when the concentration of a dissolved substance in the urine exceeds a critical value and can no longer remain in solution. To understand this phenomenon, try adding salt to the water, stirring to melt it: at some point, add the salt that is no longer able to melt and settles on the bottom: the aggregation of the salt deposited form the calculation.
This phenomenon can occur not only when there is an excess of an ion in the urine, but even when the physical and chemical conditions of urine (eg, PH) interfere with the solubility of the substance causing the precipitation and deposition calculations.
There is a strong hereditary and familial predisposition to stone formation, as well as other metabolic disorders (e.g. gout), the and, characterized by excessive production of substances that form stones.
the most common metabolic alteration in patients with calcium kidney stones. It is present when the urinary calcium excretion exceeds 200 mg in a 24-hour urine collection, or more than 4 mg / kg in 24 hours. May have different causes: on the one excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine to an absorption problem in the renal tubules.
Although thyroid dysfunction as hyperparathyroidism may be a risk factor for this type of calculations.
Some infections, however, lead to the formation of struvite (composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate), produced by some bacteria of the Proteus group. They are formed as a result of cystitis, and are therefore more common among female subjects.
The identification of kidney stones not expelled is not always easy, but is necessary due to renal colic.
The exams are the most widely used abdominal ultrasonography, radiography with or without contrast (the contrast medium is called IVU) and spiral CT.
Of these tests, only the TAC provides a near 100% probability of identifying the calculation, its size and its fragility, but is not used as the reference test because of the cost.
Treatment of kidney stones after colic
Kidney stones that block the urethra, with a diameter less than or equal to 5 mm are usually ejected automatically in 1-2 weeks, the treatment is therefore limited to hydration and analgesia, as the pain accompanying colic can be very strong. Up to expulsion took place, must be continued periodic monitoring, radiological or ultrasound.
Fluid intake should be considerable (6-8 glasses a day), so as to produce a large volume of urine. It can be effective so-called "blow water", which is to drink a quart / liter and a half of water quickly, so that it acts as a "push" and facilitate the expulsion of the calculation.
If the calculation is not broken down by itself, there are several possibilities, to the minimally invasive surgery, here are the three most commonly used treatments.
Extra corporeal shock wave lithography: the case of shock waves generated by a special instrument, which are dress on the calculation. The treatment requires no anesthesia, but only a mild painkiller, but it is effective only in case of kidney stones do not exceed 1.5 cm.
Performed under anesthesia, an instrument reaches the calculation in the urinary tract and grinding using a laser, the calculation is then extracted with special tools. Effective in all urinary tract stones and some of the kidney.
Percutaneous treatment: the calculation is crushed and extracted with a tool that enters the kidney from a small hole in the side. Must be performed under general anesthesia and is indicated in the case of calculations that were not crushed by extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
The renal colic strikes without notice, and is described as one of the most painful events that can happen: some have called the pain that you feel even worse than that of a gunshot wound.
The causes of renal colic: Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are solid formations composed of different minerals, which are formed by precipitation within the kidney or along the streets kidney. Calculations are indistinguishable in calcareous (containing calcium) and calcium.
The most common kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. May be caused by, , hyperthyroidism or excessive synthesis of vitamin D3.
The chronic and recurrent urinary infections cause the calculations instead consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate. With the same frequency (5-10%) occur calculations formed by uric acid crystals. There are also rare kidney stones, which occur with a frequency of less than 1%.
The renal colic is usually the result of the mobilization of a kidney and almost always occurs with violent pain in the right or left lumbar region, radiating to the respective side and then to the genitals, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
The causes of renal colic: Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are formed when the concentration of a dissolved substance in the urine exceeds a critical value and can no longer remain in solution. To understand this phenomenon, try adding salt to the water, stirring to melt it: at some point, add the salt that is no longer able to melt and settles on the bottom: the aggregation of the salt deposited form the calculation.
This phenomenon can occur not only when there is an excess of an ion in the urine, but even when the physical and chemical conditions of urine (eg, PH) interfere with the solubility of the substance causing the precipitation and deposition calculations.
There is a strong hereditary and familial predisposition to stone formation, as well as other metabolic disorders (e.g. gout), the and, characterized by excessive production of substances that form stones.
the most common metabolic alteration in patients with calcium kidney stones. It is present when the urinary calcium excretion exceeds 200 mg in a 24-hour urine collection, or more than 4 mg / kg in 24 hours. May have different causes: on the one excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine to an absorption problem in the renal tubules.
Although thyroid dysfunction as hyperparathyroidism may be a risk factor for this type of calculations.
Some infections, however, lead to the formation of struvite (composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate), produced by some bacteria of the Proteus group. They are formed as a result of cystitis, and are therefore more common among female subjects.
The identification of kidney stones not expelled is not always easy, but is necessary due to renal colic.
The exams are the most widely used abdominal ultrasonography, radiography with or without contrast (the contrast medium is called IVU) and spiral CT.
Of these tests, only the TAC provides a near 100% probability of identifying the calculation, its size and its fragility, but is not used as the reference test because of the cost.
Treatment of kidney stones after colic
Kidney stones that block the urethra, with a diameter less than or equal to 5 mm are usually ejected automatically in 1-2 weeks, the treatment is therefore limited to hydration and analgesia, as the pain accompanying colic can be very strong. Up to expulsion took place, must be continued periodic monitoring, radiological or ultrasound.
Fluid intake should be considerable (6-8 glasses a day), so as to produce a large volume of urine. It can be effective so-called "blow water", which is to drink a quart / liter and a half of water quickly, so that it acts as a "push" and facilitate the expulsion of the calculation.
If the calculation is not broken down by itself, there are several possibilities, to the minimally invasive surgery, here are the three most commonly used treatments.
Extra corporeal shock wave lithography: the case of shock waves generated by a special instrument, which are dress on the calculation. The treatment requires no anesthesia, but only a mild painkiller, but it is effective only in case of kidney stones do not exceed 1.5 cm.
Performed under anesthesia, an instrument reaches the calculation in the urinary tract and grinding using a laser, the calculation is then extracted with special tools. Effective in all urinary tract stones and some of the kidney.
Percutaneous treatment: the calculation is crushed and extracted with a tool that enters the kidney from a small hole in the side. Must be performed under general anesthesia and is indicated in the case of calculations that were not crushed by extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
Monday, June 27, 2011
Kidney Stones: Symptoms, Causes, prevention, treatment with conventional medicine or homeopathy
SYMPTOMS - Waves of severe pain that starts at the side and radiates to the groin. - Nausea and vomiting. - Profuse sweating. - Blood in the urine. Sometimes there is a concomitant infection that can also cause these symptoms: - fever and chills, - increase the urge to urinate - even intense pain with urination - urine cloudy or smells bad.
CONTACT THE DOCTOR IF ... - you think you have kidney stones, a medical examination is essential for the diagnosis and treatment. - You have a sharp pain that occurs in waves to the side or abdomen, the pain may also be a sign of other serious diseases such as gallstones, pelvic inflammatory disease, and bowel obstruction. Consult your doctor immediately. - Do you have pain or difficulty urinating; could be signs of cystitis, a sexually transmitted disease, a problem such as a vaginal vaginitis, an increase in the size of the prostate (see under prostate problems), or bladder cancer or prostate cancer. Consult your doctor without delay. - Notice of blood in the urine can indicate kidney disease or otherwise, a cancer of the bladder or the kidney, urinary tract infection or prostate cancer (see under prostate problems). Consult your doctor without delay.
The calculations usually are formed in the central part of the kidney where urine accumulates before reaching the ureter that leads to the bladder. They are formed when certain substances in urine, uric acid such as calcium, crystalline form agglomerates. The calculations are able smaller to be eliminated in the urine often without showing signs of self. The calculations biggest irritate and stretch the ureter as they pass into the bladder, causing severe pain and block the flow of urine. Sometimes a calculation can reach the size of a golf ball and in this case is trapped in the kidney resulting in a very serious illness. The calculations are more common in young adult and middle-aged individuals and affect men more than women. People who live in hot climates are more prone to the calculations because the body is dehydrated with increasing concentrations of minerals in the urine. Kidney stones often recur. It is therefore important to determine as best as possible the cause of the calculations to try to prevent recurrence.
CONTACT THE DOCTOR IF ... - you think you have kidney stones, a medical examination is essential for the diagnosis and treatment. - You have a sharp pain that occurs in waves to the side or abdomen, the pain may also be a sign of other serious diseases such as gallstones, pelvic inflammatory disease, and bowel obstruction. Consult your doctor immediately. - Do you have pain or difficulty urinating; could be signs of cystitis, a sexually transmitted disease, a problem such as a vaginal vaginitis, an increase in the size of the prostate (see under prostate problems), or bladder cancer or prostate cancer. Consult your doctor without delay. - Notice of blood in the urine can indicate kidney disease or otherwise, a cancer of the bladder or the kidney, urinary tract infection or prostate cancer (see under prostate problems). Consult your doctor without delay.
The calculations usually are formed in the central part of the kidney where urine accumulates before reaching the ureter that leads to the bladder. They are formed when certain substances in urine, uric acid such as calcium, crystalline form agglomerates. The calculations are able smaller to be eliminated in the urine often without showing signs of self. The calculations biggest irritate and stretch the ureter as they pass into the bladder, causing severe pain and block the flow of urine. Sometimes a calculation can reach the size of a golf ball and in this case is trapped in the kidney resulting in a very serious illness. The calculations are more common in young adult and middle-aged individuals and affect men more than women. People who live in hot climates are more prone to the calculations because the body is dehydrated with increasing concentrations of minerals in the urine. Kidney stones often recur. It is therefore important to determine as best as possible the cause of the calculations to try to prevent recurrence.
Saturday, June 25, 2011
Preventing kidney stones: water and power
Kidney stones are small stones that are implanted in the kidney and cause very painful symptoms: colic, cramps and severe pain in the hips 'abdomen extending to all' groin and leg, often accompanied by vomiting and fever. Another of the typical symptoms of kidney stones is a great fatigue, slowness and pain while peeing. Kidney stones may occur throughout the urinary tract and move on the path from the kidney to the bladder.
CAUSES of kidney stones: how to form the kidney stones.
All 'origin of kidney stones there is usually an' excessive concentration of salts in the urine and a 'low production of urine, which may be due to poor fluid intake. Fatigue, heat and commitments are also troubling for a deadly cocktail of the kidneys and, more generally, for the urinary tract. In most cases kidney stones are formed because of the minerals normally present in our bodies are not diluted enough to assume that the liquid and reach a concentration too high (even for a 'excessive sweating, typical of this period). You can then form crystals along the urinary tract.
Kidney stones are nothing but small pebbles: you can wedge in the kidneys, 'or in the urethra' ureter, causing muscle spasms that spread in waves.
Prevention of kidney stones: diet, fruit, vegetables and water against kidney stones. Warning Hot and stress.
How to prevent kidney stones? The experts' response is unequivocal: lots of water, fruit and vegetables at will, especially when they get the first heat. The Board is particularly true for people prone to stones, namely, those who have already had a similar episode of kidney stones in the past. Especially in these cases, it is necessary to ensure 'body plenty of water, drinking small amounts several times a day. It is no coincidence that the majority of hospital admissions for urinary tract stones occur when the heat moves: If the mercury rises and perspiration increases, you lose large amounts of fluids and salts are concentrated. Who then is subjected to a moment of stress, it tends to just relax and eat in a disordered way.
The 'water against the first symptoms of kidney stones
The key thing is to recognize the early symptoms of kidney stones and act now. If the urine becomes dark suddenly must immediately drink water, lots of water. This allows you to dilute the salts present in the urinary tract. Generally, if you do not drink properly, immediately after the change in color of urine, there is heaviness to 'abdomen and then comes the first colic: a sudden and sharp pain that spreads to the side down. It 'the first sign that the pebble was formed, but it's still early in his trip el' body tries to expel it through the muscle spasms. Even at this stage you need to drink plenty of water to facilitate the 'expulsion and to prevent the crystal size increases.
CARE kidney stones: the actions to remove kidney stones.
To eliminate urinary tract stones that you cannot expel there are four types of intervention, from least invasive to most invasive. Here are the different types of surgery to remove kidney stones:
- Extracorporeal lithotripsy: a type of surgery that uses four thousand waves' in shock 'period of half an' hour hitting with precision the stone, crumbling. The fragments are then eliminated in the urine. This procedure requires no anesthesia and is discharged the same day. It is the less-invasive technique for removing kidney stones and then the most widely used, although sometimes it takes several sessions to completely eliminate kidney stones.
- Ascending endoscopic lithotripsy is a technique more invasive than the last. You insert a catheter in the urinary tract and can be traced back to the "pebble". The catheter emits waves' impact directly on the calculation until they can crumble. Usually this technique is used when the extracorporeal lithotripsy fails or if the calculations are present in regions of lower urinary tract. The bottom-up endoscopic lithotripsy is an operation that requires a 'local anesthesia’s operation lasts 30-40 minutes, and usually after 2-3 days in the hospital you can go home.
- Percutaneous lithotripsy: with this type of intervention is punctured, the 'abdomen with a thin needle, the calculation is localized with a probe, then apply the waves' impact directly on the pebble. He uses this technique (which requires a 'general anesthesia) when the calculation is quite large. 'S procedure takes an average' time and length of stay is less than three days.
- Surgery to open loop: the older and more invasive technique for removing kidney stones and urinary tract. Scalpel is now used only if the three previous intervention techniques do not work or if there is an 'alteration of the urinary tract that prevents' out of the fragments of the calculation when it is demolished. L 'surgery requires open-loop' general anesthesia and is the fastest method: the 'procedure lasts about 20 minutes. But then we must remain in hospital for 'the other week.
CAUSES of kidney stones: how to form the kidney stones.
All 'origin of kidney stones there is usually an' excessive concentration of salts in the urine and a 'low production of urine, which may be due to poor fluid intake. Fatigue, heat and commitments are also troubling for a deadly cocktail of the kidneys and, more generally, for the urinary tract. In most cases kidney stones are formed because of the minerals normally present in our bodies are not diluted enough to assume that the liquid and reach a concentration too high (even for a 'excessive sweating, typical of this period). You can then form crystals along the urinary tract.
Kidney stones are nothing but small pebbles: you can wedge in the kidneys, 'or in the urethra' ureter, causing muscle spasms that spread in waves.
Prevention of kidney stones: diet, fruit, vegetables and water against kidney stones. Warning Hot and stress.
How to prevent kidney stones? The experts' response is unequivocal: lots of water, fruit and vegetables at will, especially when they get the first heat. The Board is particularly true for people prone to stones, namely, those who have already had a similar episode of kidney stones in the past. Especially in these cases, it is necessary to ensure 'body plenty of water, drinking small amounts several times a day. It is no coincidence that the majority of hospital admissions for urinary tract stones occur when the heat moves: If the mercury rises and perspiration increases, you lose large amounts of fluids and salts are concentrated. Who then is subjected to a moment of stress, it tends to just relax and eat in a disordered way.
The 'water against the first symptoms of kidney stones
The key thing is to recognize the early symptoms of kidney stones and act now. If the urine becomes dark suddenly must immediately drink water, lots of water. This allows you to dilute the salts present in the urinary tract. Generally, if you do not drink properly, immediately after the change in color of urine, there is heaviness to 'abdomen and then comes the first colic: a sudden and sharp pain that spreads to the side down. It 'the first sign that the pebble was formed, but it's still early in his trip el' body tries to expel it through the muscle spasms. Even at this stage you need to drink plenty of water to facilitate the 'expulsion and to prevent the crystal size increases.
CARE kidney stones: the actions to remove kidney stones.
To eliminate urinary tract stones that you cannot expel there are four types of intervention, from least invasive to most invasive. Here are the different types of surgery to remove kidney stones:
- Extracorporeal lithotripsy: a type of surgery that uses four thousand waves' in shock 'period of half an' hour hitting with precision the stone, crumbling. The fragments are then eliminated in the urine. This procedure requires no anesthesia and is discharged the same day. It is the less-invasive technique for removing kidney stones and then the most widely used, although sometimes it takes several sessions to completely eliminate kidney stones.
- Ascending endoscopic lithotripsy is a technique more invasive than the last. You insert a catheter in the urinary tract and can be traced back to the "pebble". The catheter emits waves' impact directly on the calculation until they can crumble. Usually this technique is used when the extracorporeal lithotripsy fails or if the calculations are present in regions of lower urinary tract. The bottom-up endoscopic lithotripsy is an operation that requires a 'local anesthesia’s operation lasts 30-40 minutes, and usually after 2-3 days in the hospital you can go home.
- Percutaneous lithotripsy: with this type of intervention is punctured, the 'abdomen with a thin needle, the calculation is localized with a probe, then apply the waves' impact directly on the pebble. He uses this technique (which requires a 'general anesthesia) when the calculation is quite large. 'S procedure takes an average' time and length of stay is less than three days.
- Surgery to open loop: the older and more invasive technique for removing kidney stones and urinary tract. Scalpel is now used only if the three previous intervention techniques do not work or if there is an 'alteration of the urinary tract that prevents' out of the fragments of the calculation when it is demolished. L 'surgery requires open-loop' general anesthesia and is the fastest method: the 'procedure lasts about 20 minutes. But then we must remain in hospital for 'the other week.
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Diet for Kidney Stones
In some ways, the role of diet in the occurrence of kidney stones has not yet been fully elucidated. What is certain is that any kind of calculation can only be attributed to poor nutrition. More often than not, in fact, the root of the problem there is a genetic predisposition, or at least a predisposing disease or disorder. This is also why there can be no precise and universal diet to prevent formation of kidney stones.
Importance of water in the prevention of kidney stones
A single recommendation is a consensus by physicians and researchers to combat the formation of kidney stones is important to keep the body hydrated by taking the right amount of fluids in the diet. In doing so, in fact, substances present in urine is more diluted, so the less the chance that precipitate and are aggregated.
Of course it is important not to overdo the water supply must always be proportionate to the level of nutrition and physical activity and never too much (besides the risk of electrolyte imbalances, resulting in hyper-filtration renal work can damage the kidney function in susceptible individuals). Treatment with mineral water (treatment hydroponic) cannot be continued too long or too lightly conducted without prior physician.
Generally, we recommend a water consumption of approximately 2-3 liters per day, so that the urine volume is 2 liters over 24 hours. At the same time it is recommended that a generous intake of liquids, especially in critical times, such as meals, overnight, in the presence of hydro-saline losses on the gastrointestinal (diarrhea, vomiting) and in case of excessive sweating during exercise or stay in a climate too hot and humid. Attention to the long journeys, especially by air. Typically, urine is very pale yellow light of a proper hydration, while it is necessary to increase the water supply if the urine appears dark yellow or brown.
Often, in the presence of kidney stones is recommended to prefer the water to other drinks, mineral waters or choosing preferably slightly mineralized, in order to limit the intake of sodium and calcium, which can contribute to the increase in urine formation. Coffee, tea and fruit juices that are foods rich in oxalates, so their consumption should be limited especially in the presence of calcium oxalate calculi.
Kidney stones: diet because there is no equal for everyone?
In addition to reduced fluid intake, some dietary habits can promote the occurrence of kidney stones in susceptible individuals, in this regard, it is first necessary to establish with certainty what type of calculations affects the patient, since the dietary measures needed to prevent certain types of calculations may be contraindicated in front of stones of different origin. Sometimes, as in the presence of striate complicating recurrent urinary infections, diet has little deterrent effect in this case, for example, antibiotic treatment becomes necessary.
Diet for kidney stones is aimed essentially three objectives:
reduce the urinary excretion of salts responsible for the formation of the calculation;
increase the degree of dilution of these salts;
increase the intake of substances such as citric acid, which can inhibit the formation;
reduce the factors that predispose to precipitation of salts responsible for the formation of the calculation.
As explained, the dietary changes should always be prescribed and monitored by the attending physician, knowing that "the chemical identikit" of kidney stones may determine the most appropriate diet. The calculations, in fact, are not all alike: they can be composed of calcium oxalate (the most common, present in approximately 70% of kidney stones), calcium phosphate (3-10%), calcium rate (10%) , striate (10-20%) or cysteine (1%).
pH of urine
Acidic urine are associated with kidney stones, xanthine and uric acid, while in the presence of basic urine increases the risk of kidney concretions of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate and striate. The calculations of calcium oxalate, the most common, they develop greater urinary neutral or alkaline environments.
Regarding the influence of diet on urinary pH, there are typically acidic urine in the diets rich in meat, especially when stored, and alkaline urine in vegetarian diets or, more generally rich in vegetables and fruits (except plums and blueberries) .
The lemon juice and potassium citrate are two of the most widely used alkaline urine, and as such are particularly suitable in case of uric acid and kidney stones, and in these cases, the urine is alkalized to a pH close to neutrality ( 6.5 to 7).Exceeded values of 7.5 increases the risk of kidney stones of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate and striate. In these cases, alkalization of urine would then worsen with the clinical picture of the patient.
Meat and kidney stones
A diet rich in meat more frequently leads to a type of uric acid kidney stones. Due to the excessive consumption of protein, in fact, the urine becomes more acidic and increases the elimination rate of calcium and uric acid, while lowering that of citrate (substances that prevent the precipitation of these salts).
If there is a predisposition to kidney stones uric source (accumulation of uric acid) should be limited to all those foods high in purines such as anchovies, herring, sardines, shellfish, liver, sweetbreads, kidneys, heart, game, geese and pigeons. It should instead encourage the hiring of alkaline urine as potassium citrate and magnesium citrate. In fact, the solubility of uric acid increased appreciably with alkalization of urine pH to the point that sometimes the only medical treatment with alkalizing is capable of dissolving urinary stones composed of uric acid only. Conversely, in the presence of acidic urine, uric acid tends to precipitate. By contrast, and here we find yet another invitation to evaluate with the doctor and dietitian if the diet most suitable in the presence of kidney stones, excessive alkalization of urine (pH> 7) facilitates the precipitation of calcium phosphates.
Being rich in methionine (an amino acid precursor of kidney), the protein-rich products should be limited even in the presence of kidney origin of kidney, which benefited the same way - in the perspective of prevention and therapy - urinary.
Vegetables and kidney stones
Some vegetables, like spinach, beets, spinach and parsley are particularly rich in oxalates, so ingestion of large quantities of such foods could lead to the appearance of calcium oxalate stones. Under normal conditions, about 20% of urinary oxalate comes from diet, and its intestinal absorption increases in the course of inflammatory enteric disease, which includes Cohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and other disorders less frequent.
For the intake of folic acid, which contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular risk associated with, a reduction in consumption of these foods may still be recommended by a doctor; same goes for the intake of vitamin K in patients taking anticoagulants such as Coumadin. Hence the importance and the absolute need to discuss in advance with your doctor any changes in dietary perspective of prevention, avoiding extremes of the concepts presented in the article.
Salt and kidney stones
A diet high in salt and sodium, more generally, increases the urinary excretion of calcium and reduces urinary pH and citrate excretion, thus promoting the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. For this reason, and to avoid other unpleasant conditions (hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis), you should not take more than 6-8 grams of salt a day. In particular, it is good to keep in snacks and processed foods in general, as sources of "hidden" sodium but very important (see: salt is bad?).
Calcium, vitamin D and kidney stones
The role of calcium in the formation of kidney stones has always been the subject of numerous studies and research. Today it has come to the conclusion that in the healthy population a diet rich in calcium not only predisposes to urinary tract stones, but may even prevent it by reducing the absorption of oxalic acid. It is therefore recommended a daily intake of 1200 mg, 800 mg of calcium provided by dairy products.
An excess of vitamin D in the diet - however difficult to achieve with the power only - promotes the intestinal absorption of calcium, causing hyperkalemia (excess calcium in the blood) and (excess calcium in the urine). This event could occur in a patient taking regular supplements of calcium and vitamin D to fight or prevent osteoporosis.
And oxalate kidney stones
An excess of oxalic acid in the diet has been particularly harmful, as it promotes the synthesis of calcium oxalate kidney stones, it is ubiquitous (it is a bit 'all over the world), but as mentioned some foods are particularly rich in chocolate, nuts, cola and carbonated beverages in general, fruit juices, tea, cabbage, peas, asparagus, spinach and rhubarb. We must stress however that in case of overproduction of oxalate physiology, reducing the consumption of these foods so prevents kidney stones, but does so only marginally. What counts then, again, is not so much the introduction of total oxalates, but rather the degree of intestinal absorption, endogenous synthesis and the quantity of liquids in the diet.
Alcohol and kidney stones
Renal excretion of uric acid and oxalate is increased by the consumption of alcohol.
Sweets and kidney stones
A huge consumption of sugar in the diet increases the elimination of calcium in the urine, so the risk of grinding stones. In addition, some typical ingredients of desserts (cocoa) are especially rich in oxalate.
Fiber and kidney stones
In the presence of urinary tract stones has recommended a diet rich in slag, because the physic acid content in foods of plant origin (vegetables, fruits and whole grains) binds with calcium to form insoluble compounds and non-absorbable. Fruits and vegetables also increase the elimination of citrates, substances that are very effective in preventing stone formation. For this reason, the lemon juice - which contains about 5-7% citric acid - is the ideal food for those suffering from kidney stones (although the risk of too alkaline urine should be limited in the presence of calculations of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, striate or calcium oxalate).
Potassium and kidney stones
According to some authors, the potassium-rich foods (beans, apricots, peas, potatoes, garlic and dried fruits) reduce the urinary excretion of calcium without interfering with the absorption of the ion.
Vitamin C and kidney stones
Even an excess of vitamin C in the diet appears to promote the synthesis of kidney stones, due to increased endogenous production of oxalate. For this reason, especially if you have a history of stones left behind, and is generally recommended to limit the total dietary intake of vitamin C (plus any dietary supplements) not more than 1 g per day. The risk that vitamin C can metabolize oxalate is higher in the absence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), as may happen in case of colitis with recurring diarrhea. Before taking supplements of vitamin C, therefore, people with calcium oxalate stones should perform additional medical tests.
Water, calcium and kidney stones
More that quality is important to assess the amount of water and more generally in the diet of liquids (broth, tea, juice etc.).. People predisposed to kidney stones should therefore strive to drink plenty of water and repeatedly during the day (at least 2 liters of water). In the case of individual predisposition, or to prevent future recurrences, this proportion may be increased up to 3 liters.
In general, rather than comply with a precise amount of liquid consumed, it is important to adapt the water supply to the environmental situation. The visual inspection of the urine is a very simple question that the patient can take to control their hydration status. In particular, the urine should never appear too dark or concentrated, as this feature would increase the risk of forming kidney stones.
To avert the risk of urinary tract stones is very important that the amount of liquid to be divided evenly throughout the day, drinking a bit 'of water even before bedtime. They go instead to avoid certain drinks such as tea concentrate (rich in oxalates), Coca-Cola (absolutely not recommended in case of kidney stones) and alcohol (rising levels of excretion of oxalic acid and uric acid).
Although some studies have shown that calcium-rich mineral waters may be a protective factor in the presence of gallstones is usually recommended the use of slightly mineralized water, which, as poor in minerals, promote and facilitate diuresis' removal of small kidney stones.
Recommended Foods
LEMON JUICE CITRUS: citric acid content in these foods may be particularly useful for patients with uric acid stones because it increases the urinary pH and citrate excretion, factors that reduce the formation of crystals of uric acid is that of kidney. As stated in the article, the consumption of lemon juice for therapeutic purposes may be contraindicated in the presence of calcium stones, which develop in an environment more neutral or alkaline urine.
ONION: it has a powerful diuretic effect and helps to eliminate uric acid.
PARSLEY: stimulates the appetite and digestion, promotes diuresis removing small kidney stones (gravel).
CELERY: it has diuretic properties, with effective action on the liver and draining the respiratory tract and is therefore useful in case of kidney and liver failure.
ARTICHOKE, CABBAGE, APPLE AND NETTLE: they increase the excretion of urine.
Importance of water in the prevention of kidney stones
A single recommendation is a consensus by physicians and researchers to combat the formation of kidney stones is important to keep the body hydrated by taking the right amount of fluids in the diet. In doing so, in fact, substances present in urine is more diluted, so the less the chance that precipitate and are aggregated.
Of course it is important not to overdo the water supply must always be proportionate to the level of nutrition and physical activity and never too much (besides the risk of electrolyte imbalances, resulting in hyper-filtration renal work can damage the kidney function in susceptible individuals). Treatment with mineral water (treatment hydroponic) cannot be continued too long or too lightly conducted without prior physician.
Generally, we recommend a water consumption of approximately 2-3 liters per day, so that the urine volume is 2 liters over 24 hours. At the same time it is recommended that a generous intake of liquids, especially in critical times, such as meals, overnight, in the presence of hydro-saline losses on the gastrointestinal (diarrhea, vomiting) and in case of excessive sweating during exercise or stay in a climate too hot and humid. Attention to the long journeys, especially by air. Typically, urine is very pale yellow light of a proper hydration, while it is necessary to increase the water supply if the urine appears dark yellow or brown.
Often, in the presence of kidney stones is recommended to prefer the water to other drinks, mineral waters or choosing preferably slightly mineralized, in order to limit the intake of sodium and calcium, which can contribute to the increase in urine formation. Coffee, tea and fruit juices that are foods rich in oxalates, so their consumption should be limited especially in the presence of calcium oxalate calculi.
Kidney stones: diet because there is no equal for everyone?
In addition to reduced fluid intake, some dietary habits can promote the occurrence of kidney stones in susceptible individuals, in this regard, it is first necessary to establish with certainty what type of calculations affects the patient, since the dietary measures needed to prevent certain types of calculations may be contraindicated in front of stones of different origin. Sometimes, as in the presence of striate complicating recurrent urinary infections, diet has little deterrent effect in this case, for example, antibiotic treatment becomes necessary.
Diet for kidney stones is aimed essentially three objectives:
reduce the urinary excretion of salts responsible for the formation of the calculation;
increase the degree of dilution of these salts;
increase the intake of substances such as citric acid, which can inhibit the formation;
reduce the factors that predispose to precipitation of salts responsible for the formation of the calculation.
As explained, the dietary changes should always be prescribed and monitored by the attending physician, knowing that "the chemical identikit" of kidney stones may determine the most appropriate diet. The calculations, in fact, are not all alike: they can be composed of calcium oxalate (the most common, present in approximately 70% of kidney stones), calcium phosphate (3-10%), calcium rate (10%) , striate (10-20%) or cysteine (1%).
pH of urine
Acidic urine are associated with kidney stones, xanthine and uric acid, while in the presence of basic urine increases the risk of kidney concretions of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate and striate. The calculations of calcium oxalate, the most common, they develop greater urinary neutral or alkaline environments.
Regarding the influence of diet on urinary pH, there are typically acidic urine in the diets rich in meat, especially when stored, and alkaline urine in vegetarian diets or, more generally rich in vegetables and fruits (except plums and blueberries) .
The lemon juice and potassium citrate are two of the most widely used alkaline urine, and as such are particularly suitable in case of uric acid and kidney stones, and in these cases, the urine is alkalized to a pH close to neutrality ( 6.5 to 7).Exceeded values of 7.5 increases the risk of kidney stones of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate and striate. In these cases, alkalization of urine would then worsen with the clinical picture of the patient.
Meat and kidney stones
A diet rich in meat more frequently leads to a type of uric acid kidney stones. Due to the excessive consumption of protein, in fact, the urine becomes more acidic and increases the elimination rate of calcium and uric acid, while lowering that of citrate (substances that prevent the precipitation of these salts).
If there is a predisposition to kidney stones uric source (accumulation of uric acid) should be limited to all those foods high in purines such as anchovies, herring, sardines, shellfish, liver, sweetbreads, kidneys, heart, game, geese and pigeons. It should instead encourage the hiring of alkaline urine as potassium citrate and magnesium citrate. In fact, the solubility of uric acid increased appreciably with alkalization of urine pH to the point that sometimes the only medical treatment with alkalizing is capable of dissolving urinary stones composed of uric acid only. Conversely, in the presence of acidic urine, uric acid tends to precipitate. By contrast, and here we find yet another invitation to evaluate with the doctor and dietitian if the diet most suitable in the presence of kidney stones, excessive alkalization of urine (pH> 7) facilitates the precipitation of calcium phosphates.
Being rich in methionine (an amino acid precursor of kidney), the protein-rich products should be limited even in the presence of kidney origin of kidney, which benefited the same way - in the perspective of prevention and therapy - urinary.
Vegetables and kidney stones
Some vegetables, like spinach, beets, spinach and parsley are particularly rich in oxalates, so ingestion of large quantities of such foods could lead to the appearance of calcium oxalate stones. Under normal conditions, about 20% of urinary oxalate comes from diet, and its intestinal absorption increases in the course of inflammatory enteric disease, which includes Cohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and other disorders less frequent.
For the intake of folic acid, which contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular risk associated with, a reduction in consumption of these foods may still be recommended by a doctor; same goes for the intake of vitamin K in patients taking anticoagulants such as Coumadin. Hence the importance and the absolute need to discuss in advance with your doctor any changes in dietary perspective of prevention, avoiding extremes of the concepts presented in the article.
Salt and kidney stones
A diet high in salt and sodium, more generally, increases the urinary excretion of calcium and reduces urinary pH and citrate excretion, thus promoting the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. For this reason, and to avoid other unpleasant conditions (hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis), you should not take more than 6-8 grams of salt a day. In particular, it is good to keep in snacks and processed foods in general, as sources of "hidden" sodium but very important (see: salt is bad?).
Calcium, vitamin D and kidney stones
The role of calcium in the formation of kidney stones has always been the subject of numerous studies and research. Today it has come to the conclusion that in the healthy population a diet rich in calcium not only predisposes to urinary tract stones, but may even prevent it by reducing the absorption of oxalic acid. It is therefore recommended a daily intake of 1200 mg, 800 mg of calcium provided by dairy products.
An excess of vitamin D in the diet - however difficult to achieve with the power only - promotes the intestinal absorption of calcium, causing hyperkalemia (excess calcium in the blood) and (excess calcium in the urine). This event could occur in a patient taking regular supplements of calcium and vitamin D to fight or prevent osteoporosis.
And oxalate kidney stones
An excess of oxalic acid in the diet has been particularly harmful, as it promotes the synthesis of calcium oxalate kidney stones, it is ubiquitous (it is a bit 'all over the world), but as mentioned some foods are particularly rich in chocolate, nuts, cola and carbonated beverages in general, fruit juices, tea, cabbage, peas, asparagus, spinach and rhubarb. We must stress however that in case of overproduction of oxalate physiology, reducing the consumption of these foods so prevents kidney stones, but does so only marginally. What counts then, again, is not so much the introduction of total oxalates, but rather the degree of intestinal absorption, endogenous synthesis and the quantity of liquids in the diet.
Alcohol and kidney stones
Renal excretion of uric acid and oxalate is increased by the consumption of alcohol.
Sweets and kidney stones
A huge consumption of sugar in the diet increases the elimination of calcium in the urine, so the risk of grinding stones. In addition, some typical ingredients of desserts (cocoa) are especially rich in oxalate.
Fiber and kidney stones
In the presence of urinary tract stones has recommended a diet rich in slag, because the physic acid content in foods of plant origin (vegetables, fruits and whole grains) binds with calcium to form insoluble compounds and non-absorbable. Fruits and vegetables also increase the elimination of citrates, substances that are very effective in preventing stone formation. For this reason, the lemon juice - which contains about 5-7% citric acid - is the ideal food for those suffering from kidney stones (although the risk of too alkaline urine should be limited in the presence of calculations of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, striate or calcium oxalate).
Potassium and kidney stones
According to some authors, the potassium-rich foods (beans, apricots, peas, potatoes, garlic and dried fruits) reduce the urinary excretion of calcium without interfering with the absorption of the ion.
Vitamin C and kidney stones
Even an excess of vitamin C in the diet appears to promote the synthesis of kidney stones, due to increased endogenous production of oxalate. For this reason, especially if you have a history of stones left behind, and is generally recommended to limit the total dietary intake of vitamin C (plus any dietary supplements) not more than 1 g per day. The risk that vitamin C can metabolize oxalate is higher in the absence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), as may happen in case of colitis with recurring diarrhea. Before taking supplements of vitamin C, therefore, people with calcium oxalate stones should perform additional medical tests.
Water, calcium and kidney stones
More that quality is important to assess the amount of water and more generally in the diet of liquids (broth, tea, juice etc.).. People predisposed to kidney stones should therefore strive to drink plenty of water and repeatedly during the day (at least 2 liters of water). In the case of individual predisposition, or to prevent future recurrences, this proportion may be increased up to 3 liters.
In general, rather than comply with a precise amount of liquid consumed, it is important to adapt the water supply to the environmental situation. The visual inspection of the urine is a very simple question that the patient can take to control their hydration status. In particular, the urine should never appear too dark or concentrated, as this feature would increase the risk of forming kidney stones.
To avert the risk of urinary tract stones is very important that the amount of liquid to be divided evenly throughout the day, drinking a bit 'of water even before bedtime. They go instead to avoid certain drinks such as tea concentrate (rich in oxalates), Coca-Cola (absolutely not recommended in case of kidney stones) and alcohol (rising levels of excretion of oxalic acid and uric acid).
Although some studies have shown that calcium-rich mineral waters may be a protective factor in the presence of gallstones is usually recommended the use of slightly mineralized water, which, as poor in minerals, promote and facilitate diuresis' removal of small kidney stones.
Recommended Foods
LEMON JUICE CITRUS: citric acid content in these foods may be particularly useful for patients with uric acid stones because it increases the urinary pH and citrate excretion, factors that reduce the formation of crystals of uric acid is that of kidney. As stated in the article, the consumption of lemon juice for therapeutic purposes may be contraindicated in the presence of calcium stones, which develop in an environment more neutral or alkaline urine.
ONION: it has a powerful diuretic effect and helps to eliminate uric acid.
PARSLEY: stimulates the appetite and digestion, promotes diuresis removing small kidney stones (gravel).
CELERY: it has diuretic properties, with effective action on the liver and draining the respiratory tract and is therefore useful in case of kidney and liver failure.
ARTICHOKE, CABBAGE, APPLE AND NETTLE: they increase the excretion of urine.
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